Herniated Disc
A herniated disc — also called a slipped or ruptured disc — is one of the most common causes of back and neck pain. At Apteum Spine, we offer personalized treatment plans ranging from conservative care to minimally invasive robotic surgery.
What Is a Herniated Disc?
A herniated disc occurs when the nucleus pulposus — the soft, gel-like center of an intervertebral disc — pushes through a tear in the annulus fibrosus, the tough outer layer. This can happen in any part of the spine but is most common in the lumbar (lower back) and cervical (neck) regions. The displaced disc material can press on spinal nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs.
What Causes a Herniated Disc?
Disc herniation is often the result of gradual, age-related wear and tear called disc degeneration. As you age, your discs become less flexible and more prone to tearing or rupturing with even a minor strain or twist. Risk factors include heavy lifting with improper form, being overweight, repetitive motions that stress the spine, and a sedentary lifestyle. Genetics can also play a role in disc degeneration.
How Is a Herniated Disc Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination and review of your medical history. Your doctor may test your reflexes, muscle strength, walking ability, and sensitivity to touch. Imaging tests such as MRI, CT scan, or X-rays may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and determine the exact location and severity of the herniation.
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